Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the process of living with HIV/AIDS in the daily life of people living with HIV in its interface with the social representations of spirituality and religiosity. Method: Qualitative research, supported by the theory of social representations. A semi-structured interview was carried out with 32 people undergoing treatment for HIV in an outpatient clinic specialized in HIV/AIDS. Analysis carried out with the support of software IRAMUTEQ. Results: Participants were mostly men, aged over 51 years, Catholic, and living with the virus for more than 10 years. IRAMUTEQ generated three classes, in which the influence of spirituality and religiosity as a promoter of strength to face the infection and the difficulties in the process of coping with the diagnosis was observed, as well as the importance of the support network, and the naturalization of HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The participants make associations between spirituality and the transcendent and divine; religiosity was anchored to religion and its experience, with both being a source of support and strength. Therefore, it is important to make room for the patient to talk about their spiritual/religious needs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de vivir con SIDA en el cotidiano de personas viviendo con VIH en su interfaz con las representaciones sociales de la espiritualidad y de la religiosidad. Método: investigación cualitativa, apoyada por la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada con 32 personas en tratamiento para VIH en un ambulatorio especializado en VIH/SIDA. Análisis realizado con soporte del software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: Los participantes fueron en su mayoría hombres, con edad superior a 51 años, católicos y viviendo con el virus hace más de 10 años. El IRAMUTEQ generó tres clases, en las que se notó la influencia de la espiritualidad y de la religiosidad como promotora de fuerza para el enfrentamiento de la infección. Sino también, las dificultades en el proceso de enfrentamiento del diagnóstico, la importancia de la red de apoyo y la naturalización del VIH/SIDA. Conclusión: Los participantes hacen asociaciones de la espiritualidad al transcendente y al divino, la religiosidad fue ancorada a la religión y a su vivencia, ambas siendo fuente de apoyo y fuerza. Por eso, es importante abrir espacio al paciente hablar sobre su necesidad espiritual/religiosa.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de viver com HIV/Aids no cotidiano de pessoas vivendo com HIV em sua interface com as representações sociais da espiritualidade e da religiosidade. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada pela teoria das representações sociais. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com 32 pessoas em tratamento para HIV num ambulatório especializado em HIV/Aids. Análise realizada com suporte do software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: Os participantes foram em sua maioria homens, com idade superior a 51 anos, católicos e vivendo com o vírus há mais de 10 anos. O IRAMUTEQ gerou três classes. Nestas, viu-se a influência da espiritualidade e da religiosidade como promotora de força para o enfrentamento da infecção, assim como das dificuldades no processo de enfrentamento do diagnóstico, e a importância da rede de apoio e a naturalização do HIV/Aids. Conclusão: Os participantes fazem associações da espiritualidade ao transcendente e ao divino. A religiosidade foi ancorada à religião e à sua vivência, ambas sendo fonte de apoio e força. Por isso, é importante abrir espaço para o paciente falar sobre sua necessidade espiritual/religiosa.

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou descrever, por meio de um estudo de avaliação, o alcance do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, mediante fonte documental das Secretarias Municipal de Saúde, de Educação e da Gerência Regional de Educação. O município apresentou 52 escolas cadastradas, e 26 realizaram alguma atividade referente ao programa. As ações englobaram atividades do componente I, como, por exemplo, ‘Avaliação antropométrica’, ‘Verificação da situação vacinal’, ‘Promoção e avaliação da saúde bucal’. As temáticas do componente II também foram verificadas, como ‘Promoção das práticas corporais e atividade física’, ‘Ações de segurança alimentar e alimentação saudável’, ‘Promoção da saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável’, com foco nas arboviroses. O quantitativo de ações na zona urbana foi superior quando comparada a área rural. Um bom número de escolas cadastradas contrastando com a baixa ativação (implementação) do PSE ou, ainda, um alcance ‘muito ruim’ dos estudantes permearam as respostas da pesquisa, possibilitando a solidificação de subsídios para o surgimento de questionamentos essenciais às novas intervenções nesse campo de pesquisa e fornecendo outros conhecimentos sobre o programa para o público geral.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to describe, through an evaluation study in 2016, the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão State of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brasil. Data were collected between October 2016 and February 2017 using documental source from the Municipal Health and Education secretaries and the Regional Education Management. The municipality had 52 registered schools and 26 carried out some activity related to the program. The actions encompassed component I activities such as ‘Anthropometric assessment’, ‘Verification of vaccination status’, ‘Oral health promotion and assessment’, for example. The themes of component II were also verified such as ‘Promotion of body practices and physical activity’, ‘Food safety and healthy eating actions’, ‘Promotion of Environmental Health and sustainable development’, with focus on arboviruses. The number of actions in the urban area was higher when compared to the rural area. A good number of registered schools contrasting with the low activation (implementation) of the PSE, or even a ‘very bad’ reach of students, permeated the survey answers, enabling the solidification of subsidies of essential questions to new interventions in this research field and providing other knowledges about the program to the general public.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to describe, through an evaluation study in 2016, the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão State of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brasil. Data were collected between October 2016 and February 2017 using documental source from the Municipal Health and Education secretaries and the Regional Education Management. The municipality had 52 registered schools and 26 carried out some activity related to the program. The actions encompassed component I activities such as ‘Anthropometric assessment’, ‘Verification of vaccination status’, ‘Oral health promotion and assessment’, for example. The themes of component II were also verified such as ‘Promotion of body practices and physical activity’, ‘Food safety and healthy eating actions’, ‘Promotion of Environmental Health and sustainable development’, with focus on arboviruses. The number of actions in the urban area was higher when compared to the rural area. A good number of registered schools contrasting with the low activation (implementation) of the PSE, or even a ‘very bad’ reach of students, permeated the survey answers, enabling the solidification of subsidies of essential questions to new interventions in this research field and providing other knowledges about the program to the general public.

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou descrever, por meio de um estudo de avaliação, o alcance do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, mediante fonte documental das Secretarias Municipal de Saúde, de Educação e da Gerência Regional de Educação. O município apresentou 52 escolas cadastradas, e 26 realizaram alguma atividade referente ao programa. As ações englobaram atividades do componente I, como, por exemplo, ‘Avaliação antropométrica’, ‘Verificação da situação vacinal’, ‘Promoção e avaliação da saúde bucal’. As temáticas do componente II também foram verificadas, como ‘Promoção das práticas corporais e atividade física’, ‘Ações de segurança alimentar e alimentação saudável’, ‘Promoção da saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável’, com foco nas arboviroses. O quantitativo de ações na zona urbana foi superior quando comparada a área rural. Um bom número de escolas cadastradas contrastando com a baixa ativação (implementação) do PSE ou, ainda, um alcance ‘muito ruim’ dos estudantes permearam as respostas da pesquisa, possibilitando a solidificação de subsídios para o surgimento de questionamentos essenciais às novas intervenções nesse campo de pesquisa e fornecendo outros conhecimentos sobre o programa para o público geral.

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of negative self-perception in health as well as to verify if there is an association with modifiable health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based study carried out with high school students of the state public network of the municipality of Olinda-PE. Information regarding modifiable risk behaviors was obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Self-perception of health was measured from a single question in which adolescents self-reported their health status and were classified as negative self-perceived adolescents who chose the alternatives "unhealthy and not very healthy." The data were tabulated by the Epi-data version 3.1 program and analyzed in SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test (p <0.05) was used and stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the associated factors (α = 0.05). Results: The prevalence of negative self-perception in health was 26.7% (32.9% for girls and 19.1% for boys p <0.001). The modifiable behaviors associated with negative self-perception in health were: Use of tobacco; alcohol use; use of marijuana and not participating in sports teams (p <0.05). In the regression model adjusted for sex and age, the use of alcohol and tobacco remained associated with negative self-perception in health. Conclusion: The negative self-perception in health was a sign of modifiable health behaviors. Adolescents who negatively evaluated their health presented higher percentages of tobacco and alcohol use.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência da autopercepção negativa em saúde bem como verificar se existe associação a comportamentos de risco modificáveis a saúde em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico e de base escolar, realizado com alunos do ensino médio da rede pública estadual do município de Olinda-PE. As informações referentes aos comportamentos de risco modificáveis foram obtidas a partir do questionário “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” (YRBS). A autopercepção de saúde foi mensurada a partir de uma única pergunta no qual os adolescentes autoreferiam o seu estado de saúde e foram classificados em autopercepção negativa os adolescentes que optaram pelas alternativas “nada saudável e não muito saudável”. Os dados foram tabulados pelo programa Epi-data versão 3.1 e analisados no SPSS versão 22. Foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado (p<0,05) e realizou-se regressão logística binária stepwise para analisar os fatores associados (α=0,05). A prevalência da autopercepção negativa em saúde foi de 26,7% (32,9% para as moças e 19,1% para os rapazes p<0,001). Os comportamentos modificáveis associados à autopercepção negativa em saúde foram: Uso de tabaco; uso de álcool; uso de maconha e não participar de equipe esportiva (p<0,05). No modelo de regressão ajustada por sexo e idade, o uso de álcool, tabaco permaneceu associado à autopercepção negativa em saúde. A autopercepção negativa em saúde apresentou-se como um sinalizador de comportamentos de risco modificáveis a saúde. Adolescentes que avaliaram negativamente sua saúde apresentaram maiores percentuais de uso de tabaco e álcool.

Resumo Introdução: O Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) é uma escala para avaliar a função facial em três domínios, incluindo simetria em repouso, movimentos voluntários e sincinesias. Essa escala é comumente utilizada em pesquisas científicas e na prática clínica para a avaliação e acompanhamento de pessoas com paralisia facial. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o SFGS, elaborar a versão para a população brasileira (SFGS-Brasil) e analisar suas propriedades psicométricas, incluindo validade, confiabilidade interexaminadores e responsividade. Métodos: Um comitê multidisciplinar traduziu e adaptou o SFGS para o português do Brasil, gerando a versão SFGS-Brasil. Após esta fase, realizou-se a validação de conteúdo por um comitê de quatro fisioterapeutas com experiência clínica em atendimento de pessoas com paralisia facial, além da confiabilidade interexaminadores e a responsividade da escala após intervenção fisioterapêutica. Resultados: Para a validação do SFGS, a taxa de concordância do comitê total e o índice de validade do conteúdo mostraram-se maiores que 90%. A concordância (confiabilidade interexaminadores) mostrou-se excelente para maioria dos itens e para o total (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,99; p < 0,000), e o instrumento mostrou-se responsível, podendo-se identitificar melhora segundo o SFGS-Brasil após a intervenção (t = 10,66; p = 0,000). Conclusão: O SFGS-Brasil possui equivalência conceitual dos domínios e itens à versão original, possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas, incluindo validade, concordância e responsividade. O SFGS-Brasil é adequado para a população brasileira, podendo ser usado em estudos científicos e na prática clínica.

Abstract Introduction: The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) is a scale to evaluate facial function in three domains, namely resting symmetry, voluntary move-ments, and synkinesis. It is commonly used in scientific research and clinical practice to assess and monitor people with facial paralysis. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the SFGS, develop a version for the Brazilian population (SFGS - Brazil) and analyze its psychometric properties, including validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel translated and adapted the SFGS into Brazilian Portuguese, creating the SFGS-Brazil version. Next, content validation was carried out by a panel of four physical therapists with clinical experience in caring for people with facial paralysis, in addition to interrater reliability and scale responsiveness after physical therapy intervention. Results: For SFGD validation, committee agreement rate and the content validity index were greater than 90%. Agreement (interrater reliability) was excellent for most items and overall (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99; p < 0.000) and the scale proved to be responsive, indicating post-intervention improvement (t = 10.66; p = 0.000). Conclusion: The domains and items of the SFGS-Brazil are conceptually equivalent to those of the original version, and the instrument displays adequate psychometric properties, including validity, agreement and responsiveness. The SFGS-Brazil is suitable for the Brazilian population and can be used in scientific studies and clinical practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificara estrutura das representações sociaisda morte para estudantes de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa descritiva, fundamentada pela Teoria do Núcleo Central. Utilizou-se a Associação Livre de Palavras com 91 estudantes de enfermagem do último ano de graduação, entre abril e junho de 2019, em uma universidade pública do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram processados pelo software EVOC, que gerou um quadro com quatro quadrantes, onde se pode localizar o provável núcleo central e sistema periférico. Resultados: o núcleo central foi integrado pelos elementos fim, triste e dor, na primeira periferia saudade e na segunda descanso, perda, sofrer, eternidade, vida, angústia e choro. A zona de contraste foi constituída por medo e ciclo. Conclusão: esta representação reforça a necessidade da inserção da temática nos cursos de saúde e da criação de espaços que propiciem a reflexão e escuta, ajudando os alunos a melhor elaborar as perdas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the structure of the social representations of death for Nursing students. Method: descriptive research, based on the Central Nucleus Theory. Free Word Association was used with 91 Nursing students from the last year of the undergraduation course, between April and June 2019, at a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The data was processed by the EVOC software, which generated a chart with four quadrants, where the probable central nucleus and peripheral system can be located. Results: the central nucleus was integrated by the elements end, sad and pain; in the first periphery, longing; and, in the second, rest, loss, suffering, eternity, life, anguish and crying. The contrast zone was constituted by fear and cycle. Conclusion: this representation reinforces the need to insert the theme in the health courses and to create spaces that propitiate reflection and listening, helping the students to better elaborate the losses.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar la estructura de las representaciones sociales de la muerte para estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: investigación descriptiva, fundamentada en la Teoría del Núcleo Central. Se utilizó la Asociación Libre de Palabras con 91 estudiantes del último año de la carrera de grado de Enfermería, entre abril y junio de 2019, en una universidad pública del estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos se procesaron en el software EVOC, que generó un cuadro con cuatro cuadrantes, donde se pueden localizar el probable núcleo central y el sistema periférico. Resultados: el núcleo central quedó integrado por los elementos fin, triste y dolor; en la primera periferia, nostalgia; y en la segunda, descanso, pérdida, sufrir, eternidad, vida, angustia y llanto. La zona de contraste quedó constituida por miedo y ciclo. Conclusión: esta representación refuerza la necesidad de incorporar la temática a las carreras universitarias de salud y de crear espacios que propicien la reflexión y y la escucha, ayudando así a que los alumnos elaboren mejor las pérdidas.

RESUMO Cloreto de polialumínio (PAC) é um coagulante polimérico inorgânico pré-hidrolisado que tem se destacado no tratamento de água de abastecimento e residuária por formar um precipitado de Al(OH)3* rígido e pesado, além de ter baixo efeito no pH. A literatura, porém, ainda é escassa na correlação da química e da física do coagulante com otimizações de processo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi empregar o PAC em estudos de tratabilidade de água de abastecimento via coagulação, floculação e sedimentação. Para isso, inicialmente foi feito um modelamento matemático para ajuste de turbidez e pH e construídos diagramas de coagulação de turbidez e de cor aparente remanescentes com pH de 4,0 a 9,0 e dosagem de 10 a 120 mg.L-1 de PAC (0,6 a 6,9 mg.L-1 de Al3+). Também foram estudados diferentes gradientes de velocidade e tempos de mistura para a coagulação e a floculação. Os diagramas de coagulação apresentaram resultados satisfatórios na faixa de pH entre 7 e 9 com dosagem superior a 30 mg.L-1 de PAC (1,7 mg.L-1 de Al3+), e está relacionado com a solubilidade mínima do Al(OH)3*. Otimizações da coagulação e da floculação obtiveram melhora de até 79% da turbidez remanescente, redução de até 83% da área do sedimentador ou redução de até 67% na dosagem de PAC, em razão de um aumento do tamanho do floco produzido. Um conhecimento aprofundado da química e da física do processo relacionado ao uso do PAC pode, portanto, trazer benefícios ao seu uso.

ABSTRACT Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is a pre-hydrolyzed inorganic polymeric coagulant that is being used widely in the treatment of water supply and wastewater by forming a hard and heavy Al(OH)3* precipitate, in addition to having a smaller effect on pH. The literature, however, is still scarce in correlating the chemistry and physics of the coagulant with process optimizations. The objective of this paper is to use PAC in studies of water supply treatability through coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. For this purpose, a mathematical modeling was initially performed to adjust turbidity and pH, and then remaining turbidity and apparent color coagulation diagrams were constructed with a pH of 4.0 to 9.0 and a dosage of 10 to 120 mg.L-1 of PAC (0.6 to 6.9 mg.L-1 of Al3+). Different gradients of velocity and mixing times for coagulation and flocculation were also studied. The coagulation diagrams indicated satisfactory results in the pH range between 7 and 9 with a dosage higher than 30 mg.L-1 of PAC (1.7 mg.L-1 of Al3+), and it is related to the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3*. Coagulation and flocculation optimizations achieved an improvement of up to 79% in the remaining turbidity, a reduction of up to 83% in the settler area or a reduction of up to 67% in PAC dosage, due to an increase in the size of the floc produced. An in-depth knowledge of the chemistry and physics of the process related to the use of PAC can, therefore, bring benefits to its use.

ABSTRACT. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with Guandu hay on the intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats. Five Saanen goats with average milk production of 2.26 ± 0.10 kg d-1, around 123 ± 4 days of lactation were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of five levels of replacement with Guandu: 0, 8.4, 16.8, 25.2, or 36.4 %. We sampled the food offered, leftovers and feces to calculate intake and digestibility, and the ingestive behavior was monitored for 24 hours. Regression analysis was applied with 5% significance. The nutrient intake and the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein decreased linearly with increasing levels of Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly, without change the water intake and ingestive behavior with replacement levels of Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). The replacement of up to 36.4% Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the dairy goat diet reduces the intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein, and increasesfiber digestibility, without changing the ingestive behavior and water intake.

OBJECTIVES: The number of bariatric procedures has significantly increased in Brazil, especially in the public Unified Health System. The present study describes health outcomes and medication use in obese patients treated in a major hospital that performs publicly funded surgery in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective, single center study was conducted to collect real-world evidence of health outcomes and medication use in 247 obese patients (female, 82.2%) who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI), presence of apnea, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and medication use (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) were assessed preoperatively and up to 24 months postoperatively. The mean cost of medications was calculated for the 12-month preoperative and 24-month postoperative periods. RESULTS: During the surgery, the mean age of patients was 43.42 years (standard deviation [SD], 10.9 years), and mean BMI was 46.7 kg/m2 (SD, 6.7 kg/m2). At 24 months, significant declines were noted in weight (mean, -37.6 kg), BMI (mean, -14.3 kg/m2); presence of T2D, hypertension, and apnea (-29.6%, -50.6%, and -20.9%, respectively); and number of patients using medications (-66.67% for diabetes, -41.86% for hypertension, and -55.26% for dyslipidemia). The mean cost of medications (total costs for all medications) decreased by >50% in 12-24 postoperative months compared to that in 12 preoperative months. CONCLUSION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass successfully reduced weight, BMI, and comorbidities and medication use and cost at 24 months in Brazilian patients treated in the public Unified Health System.

Abstract Many viral infections cause oral manifestations, including disorders in odontogenesis, resulting in dental malformations. In this review, based on current knowledge, we will discuss the likely dental and oral consequences of COVID-19. In this article, we review currently available data associated with vertical transmission of COVID-19 and odontogenesis, oral manifestations, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a diagnosis of oral diseases. Owing to the severity of the pandemic, the population's anxiety and fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 may underestimate the signs and symptoms of serious illnesses, besides discourage patients from seeking health, medical or dental services to determine the diagnosis of oral lesions. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic could be an additional and aggravating factor for the delay of serious illness diagnosis, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma resulting in higher morbidity and worse prognosis. Several changes and oral lesions have been described as oral manifestations of COVID-19, such as dysgeusia, oral ulcers, petechiae, reddish macules, desquamative gingivitis, among others. Besides, it can cause major systemic changes and predispose opportunistic infections. As with other viral infections, oral manifestations, including dental anomalies, can occur as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to guide and clarify possible oral changes.

Resumo Fundamento: A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia mais comum em todo o mundo, com hospitalizações significativamente associadas. Considerando sua crescente incidência, a carga econômica relacionada à FA para os sistemas de saúde está aumentando. Os gastos com saúde podem ser substancialmente reduzidos após a ablação por radiofrequência (ARF). Objetivo: Comparar a utilização de recursos e os custos anteriores e posteriores à ARF em uma coorte de pacientes do sistema de saúde privado brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com base nas informações de cobrança dos pacientes de um banco de dados administrativo. Foram incluídos oitenta e três pacientes adultos que passaram pelo procedimento de ARF entre 2014 e 2015. A utilização de recursos de saúde relacionados às causas cardiovasculares, incluindo atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar, assim como seus custos, foram analisados. Um valor de p inferior a 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: O seguimento médio foi de 14,7 ± 7,1 e 10,7 ± 5,4 meses antes e após a ARF, respectivamente. A taxa de FA livre de recidiva em 1 ano foi de 83,6%. Antes da ARF, a mediana dos custos totais mensais foi de R$286,00 (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]: 137-766), com redução de 63,5% (p = 0,001) após o procedimento, para um valor de R$104 (IIQ: 57-232). Os custos foram reduzidos tanto na emergência (em 58,6%, p < 0,001) como no ambiente ambulatorial (em 56%, p < 0,001); não houve diferenças significativas nas consultas ambulatoriais, internações eletivas e custos de internação eletiva antes e depois da ARF. As medianas das consultas mensais no setor de emergência foram reduzidas (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Nesta coorte, os custos gerais com saúde foram reduzidos em 63,5%. Um seguimento mais longo pode ser útil para avaliar se a redução de custos em longo prazo é mantida.

Abstract Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide, with significantly associated hospitalizations. Considering its growing incidence, the AF related economic burden to healthcare systems is increasing. Healthcare expenditures might be substantially reduced after AF radiofrequency ablation (AFRA). Objective: To compare resource utilization and costs before and after AFRA in a cohort of patients from the Brazilian private healthcare system. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, based on patients’ billing information from an administrative database. Eighty-three adult patients who had an AFRA procedure between 2014 and 2015 were included. Healthcare resource utilization related to cardiovascular causes, including ambulatory and hospital care, as well as its costs, were analyzed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean follow-up was 14.7 ± 7.1 and 10.7 ± 5.4 months before and after AFRA, respectively. The 1-year AF recurrence-free rate was 83.6%. Before AFRA, median monthly total costs were Brazilian Reais (BRL) 286 (interquartile range [IQR]: 137-766), which decreased by 63.5% (p = 0.001) after the procedure, to BRL 104 (IQR: 57-232). Costs were reduced both in the emergency (by 58.6%, p < 0.001) and outpatient settings (by 56%, p < 0.001); there were no significant differences in the outpatient visits, inpatient elective admissions and elective admission costs before and after AFRA. The monthly median emergency department visits were reduced (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this cohort, overall healthcare costs were reduced by 63.5%. A longer follow-up could be useful to evaluate if long-term cost reduction is maintained.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o uso de semente de Moringa oleifera (MO) como um coagulante natural para remoção de turbidez e cor aparente no tratamento de água de abastecimento com baixa turbidez inicial via técnica de filtração direta em linha. A morfologia e carga de superfície foram investigadas por técnicas de caracterização como microscopia óptica, tamanho de partícula a laser e potencial zeta. As proteínas catiônicas da semente de MO foram extraídas em meio aquoso. Os ensaios de Jar test apontaram que os padrões de potabilidade para turbidez e cor foram atingidos na faixa de pH de 4,0 a 8,5 e dosagens ≥ 5 mg L-1 de MO. O mecanismo de coagulação dominante é o de adsorção e neutralização de carga. O estudo evidencia que é possível tratar água de baixa turbidez com semente de MO pela técnica de filtração direta em linha.

Abstract This study evaluated the use of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed as a natural coagulant for the removal of turbidity and apparent color in the water treatment with low initial turbidity through the in-line filtration technique. The morphology and surface charge were investigated by characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, laser particle size, and zeta potential. The cationic proteins of the MO seed were extracted in aqueous solution. The jar test showed the potability standards for turbidity and apparent color were reached in the pH range from 4.0 to 8.5 and dosages ≥ 5 mg L-1 of MO. The dominant coagulation mechanism is adsorption and charge neutralization. This study showed that treating low-turbidity water with MO seed by the in-line filtration technique is possible.

Abstract Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which affects around two million people worldwide. One major drawback in the treatment of leishmaniasis is the emergence of resistance to current chemotherapeutics. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, the leaf essential oil of Cryptocarya aschersoniana was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The essential oil of these species was predominantly constituted by monoterpene hydrocarbons (48.8%). Limonene (42.3%), linalool (9.7%) and nerolidol (8.6%) were the main constituents in the oil of C. aschersoniana. The in vitro activity of the oil was evaluated against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. The essential oil of C. aschersoniana showed high activity against L. amazonensis promastigote forms (IC50 = 4.46 µg/mL), however, it also demonstrated a relatively high cytotoxicity on mouse peritoneal macrophages (CC50 = 7.71 µg/mL). This is the first report of the chemical composition and the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the leaf essential oil of C. aschersoniana.

This study describes the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the skin of the Titicaca water frog Telmatobius culeus. Skin samples were taken from six body regions of 20 specimens. The histological techniques used were with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE) to describe the morphological characteristics of the skin; Alcian Blue pH 1.0 for the detection of sulphated muco-substances and pH 2.5 for detecting acidic mucosubstances; Schiff Periodic Acid (PAS) for neutral and acid (hydroxyl) mucopolysaccharides; Toluidine Blue for the identification of sulfated, carboxylate and phosphate acids, and to observe the presence of metachromacy, which indicates the presence of anionic or polyanionic acids; and Mallory’s trichrome for the description of connective tissue. The skin samples had similarities with morphological characteristics of other amphibians described in previous studies: the dorsal and parotid regions have the greatest thickness of dermis and the two types of glands found denote being heterogeneous mucous and serous.

El estudio describe las características morfológicas e histoquímicas de la piel de la rana gigante del lago Titicaca Telmatobius culeus. Se tomaron muestras de piel de seis zonas corporales de 20 especímenes. Las técnicas histológicas que se emplearon fueron con la tinción de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE) para describir las características morfológicas de la piel; Alcian Blue pH1.0 para la detección de muco-substancias sulfatadas y a pH2.5 para detectar las muco-substancias ácidas; Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS) para muco polisacáridos neutros y ácidos (hidroxilo); Azul de Toluidina para la identificación de ácidos sulfatados, carboxilados y fosfatados, además de observar la presencia de metacromacia, que indica la presencia de ácidos aniónicos o polianiónicos; y Tricrómico de Mallory para la descripción de tejido conectivo. Las muestras de la piel guardaron similitud con las características morfológicas de otros anfibios descritas en estudios previos: las regiones dorsal y parotídea poseen el mayor espesor de dermis y los dos tipos de glándulas encontradas denotan ser de naturaleza heterogénea, serosas y mucosas.